Atlanti linguistici e archivi vocali di lingue locali e minoritarie in Italia

In quest’articolo sono riassunte alcune considerazioni sull’utilità della trascrizione/ annotazione dei dati linguistici con particolare attenzione alla funzione di conservazione delle parlate dialettali o delle lingue minacciate di estinzione. Alla descrizione sommaria delle prime operazioni dialettologiche dei grandi progetti atlantistici, si associa un riferimento al crescente diffondersi di progetti di allestimento di archivi vocali e alla necessità di adottare protocolli condivisi in un’ottica di coordinamento internazionale (sul modello di quelli offerti da consorzi come ELRA o CLARIN).Cet article prend en compte quelques considérations sur l’utilité de la transcription/ annotation de données linguistiques en accordant une attention particulière à la fonction de conservation des dialectes ou des langues dialectales menacées d’extinction. À la brève description des premières opérations dialectologiques des grands projets d’atlas, nous associons une référence à la diffusion croissante des projets de constitution d’archives vocales et à la nécessité d’adopter des protocoles partagés en vue d’une coordination internationale (sur le modèle de consortiums tels que ELRA ou CLARIN).This article summarizes some considerations on the usefulness of the transcription/ annotation of linguistic data with particular attention to the conservation function of dialectal dialects or languages threatened with extinction. To the brief description of the first dialectological operations of the major atlases projects, we associate a reference to the growing spread of projects to set up vocal archives and the need to adopt shared protocols with a view to international coordination (on the model of those offered by consortia such as ELRA or CLARIN)

Digital Transformation

The amount of literature on Digital Transformation is staggering—and it keeps growing. Why, then, come out with yet another such document? Moreover, any text aiming at explaining the Digital Transformation by presenting a snapshot is going to become obsolete in a blink of an eye, most likely to be already obsolete at the time it is first published. The FDC Initiative on Digital Reality felt there is a need to look at the Digital Transformation from the point of view of a profound change that is pervading the entire society—a change made possible by technology and that keeps changing due to technology evolution opening new possibilities but is also a change happening because it has strong economic reasons. The direction of this change is not easy to predict because it is steered by a cultural evolution of society, an evolution that is happening in niches and that may expand rapidly to larger constituencies and as rapidly may fade away. This creation, selection by experimentation, adoption, and sudden disappearance, is what makes the whole scenario so unpredictable and continuously changing.The amount of literature on Digital Transformation is staggering—and it keeps growing. Why, then, come out with yet another such document? Moreover, any text aiming at explaining the Digital Transformation by presenting a snapshot is going to become obsolete in a blink of an eye, most likely to be already obsolete at the time it is first published. The FDC Initiative on Digital Reality felt there is a need to look at the Digital Transformation from the point of view of a profound change that is pervading the entire society—a change made possible by technology and that keeps changing due to technology evolution opening new possibilities but is also a change happening because it has strong economic reasons. The direction of this change is not easy to predict because it is steered by a cultural evolution of society, an evolution that is happening in niches and that may expand rapidly to larger constituencies and as rapidly may fade away. This creation, selection by experimentation, adoption, and sudden disappearance, is what makes the whole scenario so unpredictable and continuously changing

Competence Centre ICDI per Open Science, FAIR, ed EOSC - Mission, Strategia e piano d'azione

This document presents the mission and strategy of the Italian Competence Centre on Open Science, FAIR, and EOSC. The Competence Centre is an initiative born within the Italian Computing and Data Infrastructure (ICDI), a forum created by representatives of major Italian Research Infrastructures and e-Infrastructures, with the aim of promoting sinergies at the national level, and optimising the Italian participation to European and global challenges in this field, including the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), the European Data Infrastructure (EDI) and HPC. This working paper depicts the mission and objectives of the ICDI Competence Centre, a network of experts with various skills and competences that are supporting the national stakeholders on topics related to Open Science, FAIR principles application and participation to the EOSC. The different actors and roles are described in the document as well as the activities and services offered, and the added value each stakeholder can find the in Competence Centre. The tools and services provided, in particular the concept for the portal, though which the Centre will connect to the national landscape and users, are also presented

Evidence-Based Anti-Diabetic Properties of Plant from the Occitan Valleys of the Piedmont Alps

Data on urban and rural diabetes prevalence ratios show a significantly lower presence of diabetes in rural areas. Several bioactive compounds of plant origin are known to exert anti-diabetic properties. Interestingly, most of them naturally occur in different plants present in mountainous areas and are linked to traditions of herbal use. This review will aim to evaluate the last 10 years of evidence-based data on the potential anti-diabetic properties of 9 plants used in the Piedmont Alps (North-Western Italy) and identified through an ethnobotanical approach, based on the Occitan language minority of the Cuneo province (Sambucus nigra L., Achillea millefolium L., Cornus mas L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Fragaria vesca L., Rosa canina L., Rubus idaeus L., Rubus fruticosus/ulmifolius L., Urtica dioica L.), where there is a long history of herbal remedies. The mechanism underlying the anti-hyperglycemic effects and the clinical evidence available are discussed. Overall, this review points to the possible use of these plants as preventive or add-on therapy in treating diabetes. However, studies of a single variety grown in the geographical area, with strict standardization and titration of all the active ingredients, are warranted before applying the WHO strategy 2014–2023

Varia

Les articles composant le numéro 18 de Géolinguistique présentent une variété importante d’approches. Le premier article est dans la tradition de nos recherches en dialectologie : l’auteur propose un texte oral en picard (à la frontière belge) et cherche à comprendre quelle stratégie met en place le locuteur qui, croyant parler en français utilise des formes dialectales très caractéristiques. Le deuxième article est primordial dans la mesure où il met en exergue la conservation des dialectes menacés d’extinction à travers la transcription phonétique et le souhait d’établir un protocole international commun de sauvegarde des archives vocales. Quant à la contribution suivante, elle rejoint pleinement l’Atlas linguistique roman, crée à Grenoble, depuis plus de 30 ans, à travers l’étude motivationnelle sur la phytonymie arbëreshe et sur la création lexicale. L’article qui suit est relativement novateur, il fait en partie le lien avec le précédent car il se base sur un dialecte menacé (le francoprovençal parlé à Faeto, en Italie du Sud), mais préconise une méthode pour établir la variation à travers de grands corpus de langage parlé naturel, particulièrement utiles pour les langues moins documentées à partir d’une fonction heuristique. L’objectif étant la modélisation des parlers dialectaux. Pour poursuivre sur le thème de la méthodologie, l’auteur du dernier article s’interroge sur les questions de construction et de preuve en géolinguistique, dans les recherches sur la variation diatopique. Enfin, un compte rendu de l’ouvrage de Josefa Dorta (éd.), La entonación declarativa e interrogativa en cinco zonas fronterizas del español. Canarias, Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia y San Antonio de Texas, vient clôturer ce nouveau numéro de notre revue, désormais en version exclusivement numérique et en accès libre dès sa parution

Patrimoine et Humanit\ue9s num\ue9riques

Cet ouvrage collectif, dirig\ue9 par C\ue9cile Meynard, Thomas Lebarb\ue9 et Sandra Costa, a pour ambition d\u2019aborder quelques aspects des nouvelles questions qui se posent aujourd\u2019hui aux acteurs du patrimoine \ue0 l\u2019\ue8re du num\ue9rique. En effet, dans ce contexte non seulement nouveau mais qui \ue9volue constamment, la d\ue9finition m\ueame du patrimoine s\u2019enrichit et devient plus complexe, int\ue9grant de nouveaux objets : on parle depuis plusieurs ann\ue9es d\ue9j\ue0 de patrimoine immat\ue9riel ou de patrimoine vivant, et il existe d\ue9sormais des patrimoines nativement num\ue9riques, par nature fragiles et \ue9vanescents : pour tenter de constituer, conserver, rendre accessible, visible et compr\ue9hensible ce patrimoine sans cesse enrichi, les humanit\ue9s ont un r\uf4le fondamental, \ue0 la fois culturel, scientifique, p\ue9dagogique, de r\ue9f\ue9rencement, de structuration, d\u2019interaction et d\u2019enrichissement. Par le biais de textes portant sur des r\ue9flexions th\ue9oriques mais pr\ue9sentant aussi des projets, le pr\ue9sent ouvrage vise aussi \ue0 montrer \ue0 quel point le dialogue est fondamental entre les diff\ue9rents acteurs pour permettre le succ\ue8s de la num\ue9risation et de la valorisation de ce patrimoine